I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC)
I-Polyanionic cellulose (i-PAC) iphuma e-ether ye-cellulose encibilika emanzini elungiswe ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-cellulose yemvelo.Kuyi-ether ye-cellulose encibilikayo ebalulekile emanzini.Ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengosawoti wayo we-sodium futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekumbeni uwoyela, ikakhulukazi imithombo yamanzi anosawoti kanye nokumba uwoyela ogwini lolwandle.
PAC-Application In Petroleum
1. Imisebenzi ye-PAC ne-CMC emkhakheni kawoyela imi kanje:
- Udaka oluqukethe i-PAC ne-CMC lungenza udonga lomthombo lube mncane futhi lube ikhekhe lokuhlunga eliqinile elikwazi ukungena kancane futhi linciphise ukulahleka kwamanzi;
- Ngemva kokungeza i-PAC ne-CMC odakeni, umshini wokumba ungathola amandla okugunda okuqala aphansi, wenze udaka lube lula ukukhulula igesi egoqwe kulo, futhi ulahle ngokushesha imfucumfucu emgodini wodaka;
- Njengezinye izihlakala ezimisiwe, udaka lokumba lunesikhathi esithile sokuba khona, esingaqiniswa futhi sinwetshwe ngokwengeza i-PAC ne-CMC.
2. I-PAC ne-CMC zinokusebenza okuhle kakhulu okulandelayo ekusetshenzisweni kwendawo kawoyela:
- Izinga eliphezulu lokushintsha, ukufana okuhle kokushintshanisa, i-viscosity ephezulu kanye nomthamo ophansi, ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kodaka;
- Ukumelana nomswakama omuhle, ukumelana nosawoti kanye nokumelana ne-alkali, kulungele amanzi ahlanzekile, amanzi olwandle kanye nodaka olusekelwe emanzini olune-brine;
- Ikhekhe lodaka elakhiwe lisezingeni elihle futhi lizinzile, elingakwazi ukusimamisa kahle isakhiwo senhlabathi ethambile futhi livimbele ukuwa kodonga lwe-shaft;
- Ilungele izinhlelo zodaka ezinokulawulwa kokuqukethwe okuqinile okunzima kanye nobubanzi obuhlukahlukene.
3. Izici zokusetshenziswa kwe-PAC kanye ne-CMC ekumba uwoyela:
- Inamandla aphezulu okulawula ukulahleka kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi isinciphisi esisebenzayo sokulahlekelwa uketshezi.Ngomthamo ophansi, ingakwazi ukulawula ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi ezingeni eliphezulu ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye izakhiwo zodaka;
- Inokumelana kahle nezinga lokushisa kanye nokumelana nosawoti okuhle kakhulu.Ingase ibe nekhono elihle lokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi kanye ne-rheology ethile ngaphansi kokuhlushwa kukasawoti othile.I-viscosity cishe ayishintshile ngemva kokuncibilika emanzini anosawoti.Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukumba ogwini kanye nemithombo ejulile;
- Ingakwazi ukulawula kahle i-rheology yodaka futhi ine-thixotropy enhle.Ilungele noma yiluphi udaka olusekelwe emanzini emanzini ahlanzekile, emanzini olwandle kanye ne-saturated brine;
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PAC isetshenziswa njengoketshezi lukasimende ukuvimbela uketshezi ukuthi lungangeni ezimbotsheni nasekuqhekekeni;
- Uketshezi lomshini wokuhlunga olulungiselelwe nge-PAC lunokumelana okuhle nesixazululo esingu-2% se-KCl (kufanele sengezwe lapho silungiselela uketshezi lomshini wokuhlunga), ukuncibilika okuhle, ukusetshenziswa okulula, kungalungiselelwa esizeni, ijeli elisheshayo lokwakha isivinini kanye nomthamo oqinile wokuthwala isihlabathi.Uma isetshenziswa ekwakhekeni kokungena okuphansi, umphumela wayo wokucindezela isihlungi muhle kakhulu.
Imininingwane Amapharamitha
| Inani elingeziwe (%) | |
| I-ejenti yokukhiqiza uwoyela i-fracturing | 0.4-0.6% |
| I-ejenti yokwelapha yokumba | 0.2-0.8% |
| Uma udinga ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo, unganikeza ifomula enemininingwane nenqubo. | |
| Izinkomba | ||
| I-PAC-HV | I-PAC-LV | |
| Umbala | I-yellowpowder emhlophe noma ekhanyayo | Impushana emhlophe noma ekhanyayo ephuzi noma izinhlayiya |
| okuqukethwe kwamanzi | 10.0% | 10.0% |
| PH | 6.0-8.5 | 6.0-8.5 |
| Izinga lokushintsha | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| i-sodium chloride | 5% | 2% |
| Ubumsulwa | 90% | 90% |
| Usayizi wezinhlayiya | Ama-90% adlula ama-microns angama-250 (60 mesh) | Ama-90% adlula ama-microns angama-250 (60 mesh) |
| I-Viscosity (b) isixazululo esinamanzi esingu-1%. | 3000-6000mPa.s | 10-100mPa.s |
| Ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza | ||
| Imodeli | Inkomba | |
| AV | FL | |
| I-PAC-ULV | ≤10 | ≤16 |
| I-PAC-LV1 | ≤30 | ≤16 |
| I-PAC-LV2 | ≤30 | ≤13 |
| I-PAC-LV3 | ≤30 | ≤13 |
| I-PAC-LV4 | ≤30 | ≤13 |
| I-PAC-HV1 | ≥50 | ≤23 |
| I-PAC-HV2 | ≥50 | ≤23 |
| I-PAC-HV3 | ≥55 | ≤20 |
| I-PAC-HV4 | ≥60 | ≤20 |
| I-PAC-UHV1 | ≥65 | ≤18 |
| I-PAC-UHV2 | ≥70 | ≤16 |
| I-PAC-UHV3 | ≥75 | ≤16 |